|
Oil on canvas, 20 1/16 x 24 3/16 inches
CR No. 916
|
Gift of The Georgia O'Keeffe Foundation
2006.5.152
|
A pair of gnarled and twisted horns fills much of the canvas in this work. Several feathers lie in front of the horns along the lower edge of the painting.
CR No. 916
Title (1999 Catalogue Raisonné)
Horn and Feathers
Source of title: Whitney Archive, Downtown Gallery Archive, Abiquiú Notebooks, 1937–38 New York (An American Place) exhibition checklist.
Alternate Title (1999 Catalogue Raisonné)
Horn & Feathers
General Remarks
Whitney Archive indicates, "Exam at Amer. Place, March 1946....No signature.... See gallery photograph [not verified]. Knight Pub, O'Keeffe 1937, Color Plate. No. 11, 'Horns and Feathers.'" (Source: Lynes, 1999)
Inscriptions
Inscriptions: Stretcher, inaccessible Verso: inaccessible Backing: "Horn & Feathers / by Georgia O'Keeffe" (Alfred Stieglitz, Label: handwritten, "An American Place' / 509 Madison Ave —Room 1710 / (S.E. corner 53rd St) — New York", black ink) (Source: Lynes, 1999)
Technique
Oil Painting
Materials
Oil on canvas
1937–1938
2008–2009
Georgia O'Keeffe Museum
Amon Carter Museum of American Art
San Jose Museum of Art
2012–2014
Montclair Art Museum
Denver Art Museum
Georgia O'Keeffe Museum
Heard Museum
2014–2015
2016–2017
2017–2019
2018–2019
2020–2021
2024–2025
San Diego Museum of Art
Albuquerque Museum
Musee Des Beaux-Arts Montreal
Museum of Fine Arts (MFA Boston)
Estate of the artist, 1986
Georgia O’Keeffe Foundation, 1993
Gift to Georgia O’Keeffe Museum, 2006
(Source: Georgia O'Keeffe Museum, 2025)
© Georgia O'Keeffe Museum
Version History
Core fields last updated 7/2/2026
Last verified by current collection
Source System ID
1011
| Date | Field | Changed From | Changed To |
|---|---|---|---|
| mm/dd/yyyy | Artist | Changed from data | Changed to data |
| mm/dd/yyyy | Main title | Changed from data | Changed to data |
| mm/dd/yyyy | Year | Changed from data | Changed to data |
| mm/dd/yyyy | Media | Changed from data | Changed to data |
| mm/dd/yyyy | Credit line | Changed from data | Changed to data |
| mm/dd/yyyy | Provenance | Changed from data | Changed to data |
Conservation
Information is from the most recently submitted report, please contact the current owner to verify updated details.Support: The support is a 1 x 1 twill-weave, processed, linen canvas stretched over an "American Type", double-bevel-faced, miter-cut ended, mortise-and-tenon joined, keyable softwood, commercial stretcher bar, pre-cut to the whole inch, 1 ¾" wide x ¾" thick in 20" and 24" sized lengths. The canvas is tacked using blued steel tacks spaced evenly apart. Eight thin wood keys are extant.
Ground or Support Preparation: The commercial proprietary priming appears to have been mechanically applied over a protein (gelatin) sized canvas and is a white ground of lead carbonate in oil, possibly with zinc or calcium carbonate amendments. The priming appears generally secure and stable across the tacking edges.
Design Layers: The paints have been applied over charcoal/graphite line under-drawing in single and double layers, such that the texture of the primed canvas is visible through the paint, and the canvas or primer functions as a reflective surface. The artist has prepared her higher value whites and lighter colors so that they have a somewhat stiff, cream-like consistency, which is slightly thicker than background paints and holds brush texture as a compositional and textural effect. Darker values, by contrast, were prepared with more fluid, cream consistencies and allowed to flow and level into the texture of the canvas with very isolated wet-into-wet blending. O'Keeffe applies paint at the margins of forms using nearly continuous, curvilinear brush strokes with the brush positioned at a low angle to the canvas, resulting in a continuous, raised ridge of paint at the edge of each form. Surrounding brushwork is generally parallel to the linear directions defined by these edges, with no underlying or subsequent brushwork moving perpendicular to the linear form. Occasionally, adjacent forms do not overlap, and the artist has chosen to allow a "holiday" of unpainted, primed canvas to be a visible detail in the composition, with graphite underdrawing residues sometimes visible.
Surface Coating: There is a thin, clear, clean synthetic resin varnish, brush-applied, overall.
Framing, Backing, and Hanging Hardware: The work is framed in a contemporary, micro-environmentally buffered, and gasketed metal-leaf "clam shell" profile frame, a reproduction of O'Keeffe's original design, created by framer/artist George Of. The glazing is Optium® tin salt-coated, UV-absorbing, static-free, non-reflective acrylic. The Optium glazing has a Volara closed-cell polyethylene gasket/pad. The frame is fitted with a laminated, Volara-gasketed backing strainer which has Security mirror-hanger and T-bolt hardware as well as D-rings.
The work is planar with the exception of stretcher bar creases on the inside of the stretcher bar at the top, left, and right. The structure and media are secure and stable, and there are no readily apparent cracks, abrasions, or losses in the design surface. The dense areas of dark red-umber paint application exhibit spots of generalized opaque varnish separation at complex brush texture areas. There are frequent "holidays" in the artist's paint application, particularly at the margins and intersections of forms, resulting in spots and streaks of unpainted, primed canvas. These should not be confused with losses in the design layers. Under magnification, it is also possible to observe, in raking light, prominent micro-protrusions generalized across the work in the paint under the varnish. These are the result of soap development in the paint film from the primer and may result in periodic pinpoint losses.
DOWNLOAD IMAGE
Terms of use
The Georgia O'Keeffe Museum is dedicated to fostering access to its collections to inspire education, research, and creative engagement. Through Access O'Keeffe, the Museum’s digital catalogue raisonné project, we provide free tools for engaging with Georgia O'Keeffe’s full body of work. As part of this initiative, we encourage the download of low-resolution images for educational and fair use purposes.
Certain works by Georgia O'Keeffe are under the copyright of the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum, while others are managed by different rights holders. For commercial uses, users must seek authorization directly from the respective copyright holder.
By downloading and using these images, users agree to the following terms and conditions of use including the Museum’s reproduction guidelines. Users will play a vital role in preserving the integrity of the artist’s work while supporting broader public access.
Permitted Uses
Fair Use:
Images may be used under fair use principles for purposes such as:
- Educational: Use in teaching materials, presentations, and coursework
- Research and scholarship: Academic research articles, theses, dissertations and noncommercial publications
- Creative projects: Reference or inspiration for personal artwork, such as sketches, paintings, or digital art, if the works are not sold or used commercially.
Conditions of Use
By downloading images of artwork from Access O'Keeffe, users agree to adhere to the Museum’s reproduction guidelines for artwork by Georgia O'Keeffe. Images must not be altered, manipulated, or modified in any way that compromises their integrity or misrepresents the original work. Specifically, artworks may not be cropped, distorted, or subjected to the following alterations:
- Cropping
- Rotation, inversion, or changes to the original proportions
- Color adjustments
- Superimposition of text, graphics, or other elements
- Animation, cartooning, or other forms of reinterpretation
- Removal or modification of blemishes, inscriptions, or other original features
- Printing artwork on 3D materials, including fabrics
Unauthorized Uses
Unauthorized uses of Georgia O'Keeffe’s works include any applications that fall outside the scope of fair use, such as those intended for commercial profit generating purposes.
Examples include, but are not limited to:
- Publications and merchandise that are sold or generate income.
- Reproductions in marketing materials, advertisements, or promotional campaigns.
- Use in exhibitions or displays that charge admission fees.
For any such uses, prior written authorization must be obtained from the appropriate copyright holder noted in Access O'Keeffe.
For any commercial use, prior written permission is required from the copyright holder. Please contact the Digital Experience and Rights Manager at [email protected]
ADD TO LIST
COPY CITATION
Georgia O'Keeffe. Horn and Feathers, 1937. Access O’Keeffe, Georgia O’Keeffe Museum, https://access-ok.okeeffemuseum.org/object/1011.